We then generate models and hypotheses informed by this interplay and apply them to four prehistoric New World areas.
We emphasize how nutrition may influence the dissemination of bacilli to the skeleton and subsequent formation of diagnostic lesions. Here, we explore the contributions of dietary protein and iron to immune function, particularly the course and outcome of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, many of these characteristics may be assessed independently through the archaeological record. In conclusion, I suggest a key role for health geographers in reconfiguring the boundaries between the normal and the pathological in order to: (1) challenge the idea that normal and healthy equates to being pathogen-free (2) draw attention to the ways in which both human and viral bodies rarely conform to ‘healthy’ norms and (3) offer. The osteological record for these diseases represents the complex interplay of host and pathogen characteristics influencing within‐ and among‐individual skeletal lesion prevalence and distribution. Mycobacterial diseases are often studied in ancient remains but also are especially influenced by these factors individual and population differences in severity and course are apparent following onset of active disease. The outcome of an exposure strongly depends on multiple factors, including ecology, diet, nutrition, immune function, and the genetics of pathogen and host. Osseous manifestation of infectious disease is of paramount importance to paleopathologists seeking to interpret ancient health, but the relationships among infectious agent exposure, development of disease, and skeletal involvement are complex.
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